Currently, the largest value that will produce an accurate delay is 16383; larger values can produce an extremely short delay. Don't delay more than 500 µs or so, or you'll miss a timer overflow. A quick hack was to put a diode inline with the 5. This behavior was not happening with a Arduino Nano, I wanted to replace the nano with the ESP32. 3V and GND pins. So, my question is, if I put a vTaskDelay (1) on my code. Home; Quick links. A task runs until it says. Sets how quickly the timer counter is “ticking”. Re: help delayMicroseconds() on esp? Post by dmaxben » Wed Aug 04, 2021 12:36 pm . I have added a delay after the Serial. time. h> #define TURN_TIME 175 Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo // 16 servo objects can be{"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"cores/arduino":{"items":[{"name":"USB","path":"cores/arduino/USB","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"compact. define pdMS TO RATE t ) 1000 ) ) The usage of pdMS_TO_TICKS. as well. First setup the project from the CubeMx and right click the Application/User and select add existing files to group. Using Arduino LEDs and Multiplexing. Just #include "analogWrite. I don't know what the valid maximum value to call with is,. . You say "2 and 8 µS, or even more, is OK. Certain things do go on while the delay () function is controlling the Atmega chip, however, because the delay function does not disable interrupts. To delay overall loop results in serial print monitor so I can keep track of / observe results easily. pcMS TO TICKS () is macro that has a default implementation, but can be overwritten to do whatever you want simply by defining the macro again in FreeRTOSConfig. I read from this that the delay circuit at the EN pin at minimum must delay for 50 microseconds, right? The given values of R = 10 kΩ and C = 1 µF however result in τ = 10000 * 0. The ESP32 SoCs contains from 2 to 4 hardware timers. Top. In fact, as soon as the serial port is monitored, I get a message that the serial port is closed “due to disconnection from the machine”. See complete sketch below. Actually, we have connected one module over UART with ESP32 chip in our product. When ı create a task using xTaskCreate() function and adding some delay in the task function. The code below is an example of a timer initialization. On ESP32, micros() takes about 150 cycles. The interrupt is triggered with the rising and falling edge and store the start & endtime with the funktion micros() in two diffrent variables. Blocking functions prevent a program from doing anything else until that particular task has completed. In addition to the ESP32 chip, the module also include a 128 x 64 0. DWT unit is for F4 and F7 only, F0. I dont get any delay even if I add some different delays. Index to my micropython libraries. LAC timer is used for ESP32. Hi everyone, I would like to measure a pulse duration of 32us (4 clock cycles at 125kHz). You can try to use the delaymicroseconds() in place. delay does not block on esp32! There are a thousand microseconds in a millisecond and a million microseconds in a second. 1 milliseconds) to read. Certain things do go on while the delay () function is controlling the Atmega chip, however, because the delay function does not disable interrupts. Edit on GitHub. If you need to generate a 1-minute time delay with Arduino, you can still use the delay() function. 最終目標は、Bluetoothを用いて電光掲示板の表示内容を切り替えるプログラム作成できるようになることです。. Certain things do go on while the delay () function is controlling the Atmega chip, however, because the delay function does not disable interrupts. What I was suggesting was using vTaskDelay to block for the longest time possible less than us, then using esp_timer_get_time to delay for the remaining time. Here is what you need to do to install the ESP32 boards into the Arduino IDE: Open the Arduino IDE. ) to perform the delay. I get 12:31:02. Pausa o programa pela quantidade de tempo especificada como parâmetro (em microssegundos). The type "uint64_t" sets a specific limit for the amount of microseconds that could be passed to the function, approximately something that amounts to 3 hours. h>. WatchdogIn this demo code, we create three functions such as servo0, servo90, servo180, which rotate servo motor 0, 90 and 180 degrees respectively. This function will return counter value of the timer in microseconds. You can use delayMicroseconds to delay short periods. Free book on ESP32 available here:. especially if nested interrupts is all working as it should…’ that’s how I fire the firing pin at exactly the time it. When ı create a task using xTaskCreate() function and adding some delay in the task function. With a normal LEDs you can show the state of a system (blue= too cold, red= too hot). Atualmente, o maior valor que irá porduzir um delay preciso é 16383. Serial communication that appears at. When ı create a task using xTaskCreate() function and adding some delay in the task function. When ı create a task using xTaskCreate() function and adding some delay in the task function. When you connect an ESP32 to an External Source and have to shared Power or GND , this issue appears. I have ESP32 connected to TZT servo SG90. Therefore if you set a tick period of 2ms (500hz) and request a delay of 1 tick you will get a delay of between just over 0 ms (if the request to delay came. " Microsecond delay within task. Optimizing execution speed is a key element of software performance. This could change in future Arduino releases. Suggested change -- change "microseconds" to "milliseconds" because vTaskDelay is based on FreeRTOS time tic which is in multiple milliseconds. Index to my. Espressif ESP32 Official Forum. 8 second stalls when TCP running, less than 10k/sec throughput. 25 nanoseconds) software overhead to acquire the count. profile ): $ export MDK=/path/to/mdk # Points to MDK directory $ export ARCH=esp32c3 # Valid choices: esp32 esp32c3 $ export PORT=/dev/ttyUSB0 # Serial port for flashing. , matrix, slider), so that a larger area. Yep, I totally understand that limitation. Do it correctly. PERIODIC, callback=lambda t:print("timer callback")) Each of the parameters is explained below: The first parameter is the period in milliseconds. After successful setup the timer will automatically start. the AC module is powered by the 3V3 regulator of the ESP32 dev board. ESP32TimerInterrupt. Since the counter is counting down we subtract it from the current time in milliseconds * 1000. Hi everyone! I want to implement a timing delay of 1us in my program. void esp_rom_install_channel_putc (int channel, void (* putc) (char c)) esp_rom_printf can print message to different channels simultaneously. About . I have disabled all interrupts. The mode chosen is periodic and the callback function is the print command so this timer will print ‘Welcome to Microcontrollerslab’ after every 5 seconds. This program creates a single WiFiServer and WiFiClient object. Stepper motors are available in a wide range of sizes. In vTaskDelayUntil you say the time at which you want to be woken. It is simply not possible to block using FreeRtos APIs for less than one tick (one tick = 10ms by default; can be lowered to 1ms, but not less). or maybe increase the bit resolution. Let me know if anyone has any idea for that. I need accuracies of 1 ppm or better. ESP32 crashes when I call the function after ~1 hour 20 minutes of usage, becaus. If it is used for a timer interrupt, the delay can extend till the execution of the interrupt service routine is finished. 000001 = 10ms which is much larger. Ideally, 500ns or less. Subtracting 53 from every count gives me a count accurate to within a few tens of picoseconds, for periods from 30 microseconds to about 500 microseconds. */ void delayMicroseconds (unsigned int us) { // calling avrlib's delay_us () function with low values (e. Neopixels have great possibilties. Step 2: Connect the PWM line. add both files in the project. However, improving execution speed may have trade-offs with other aspects of performance such as Minimizing Binary Size. time. A digital servo needs a pulse of 1. Therefor, I read a lot, especally about xSemaphoreGiveFromISR which seems to be the most efficiant way to deal with this problem. An ESP32 timer group should be identified using timer_group_t. The second ISR would be connected to the Timer. From the arduino reference page for delay the parameter for delay is an unsigned long. 2. Click the "Timer2_Counter_Basic_Example. The maximal possible delay is 768 us / F_CPU in MHz. According to the docs, the third parameter of timerAlarmWrite (timer, DELAY * 1000 * 1000, false) is a boolean that specifies whether the timer will. The constant portTICK_PERIOD_MS can be used to calculate real time from the tick rate - with the resolution of one tick period. kolban Posts: 1683 Joined: Mon Nov 16, 2015 4:43 pm Location: Texas, USA. FreeRTOS delay in microseconds. I dont get any delay even if I add some different delays. Learn loop() example code, reference, definition. And the most important things that delay() will pause the execution of other codes. The function timerBegin (uint8_t id, uint16_t prescaler, bool countUp) allows to configure the timer : The ESP32 has 4 independent timers, selected by an id between 0 and 3. What is Arduino loop(). Since the ESP32 is such a tiny micro controller powered by a micro usb port, you can grab a small power bank, plug it in, and start measuring distances normally inaccessible with conventional means of measuring i. I use an ADPS-9960 for gesture control which triggers an external interrupt. Delay a task for a given number of ticks. begin (NTPserver, 2, true); delay (delay_tries); time_t t = now (); while t stores amount of seconds from 1-1-1970. As shown on the oscilloscope screenshot below, why is the interrupt triggered twice ? The issue is the same if I use different GPIO pins for the interrupt and gate. So if your requirement is only for a 20ms delay (without needing to do anything while waiting) it is possible to call ets_delay_us (20 * 1000); Thanks! I was doing the output toggle just to see that I was actually delaying. The PWM outputs generated on pins 5 and 6 will have higher-than-expected duty cycles. Timer should not be running when this function is called. So I assume you are using arduino-esp32 as a component with your own sdkconfig settings? Correct, the default esp-idf settings. It is based on the RTOS tick rate. 6V and that was enough for the 3. The dynamic nature of the timer essentially means we need a place to store a) the number of seconds that an output has been ON for and b) the number of seconds that a user wants the output on for. Arduino micros () Function. The argument of the initialize() function sets the length of time before the interrupt is triggered, in microseconds. There are a thousand microseconds in a millisecond, and a million microseconds in a second. Here is a code example for a 1-minute time delay in Arduino. -Deep sleep (esp32/buildin libary)-Using RTC memory to store deep sleep persistent variabele (esp32/buildin libary) Warning: Avoid using the non working lwip based SNTP/DNS call's in combination of the W5500/Ethernet driver, a it is not integrated in LWIP. Echo (Echo Pulse): This pin outputs a pulse from the sensor. Top 1 post • Page 1 of 1Power Supply Requirements of TB6600. And it is able to output 4A peak current, which is enough for the most of stepper motors. Code: Select all 00000000 <delay_using_division>: 0: 004136 entry a1, 32 3: 000081 l32r a8, fffc0004 <delay_using_division+0xfffc0004> 6: a2a280 muluh a10, a2, a8 9: 41a3a0 srli a10, a10, 3 c: 000081 l32r a8, fffc000c <delay_using_division+0xfffc000c> f: 0008e0 callx8 a8 12:. Background: With some switching power supplies the rise up time of the power is too long. 3V making it 4. A tick is what you configure it to be. [env:esp32] platform = espressif32 board = esp32dev framework = arduino monitor_speed = 115200 upload_speed = 921600. h" #include <HardwareSerial. 1. The shorter the delay, the higher the frequency, the faster the motor runs. 4 KB. microseconds micros : 10814 HPtimer = 10814 --> 10000 calls of micros() on core 1 (500µs longer) but value measured by the two functions give the same result microseconds micros core0 : 10835 microseconds HighPrecTimer: 10216 microseconds HighPrecTimer core0: 10504 microseconds micros : 10795 HPtimer = 10795 microseconds micros core0 : 10783 概要ESP32-DevKitCのプログラミングを学習します。. I also used portTICK_RATE_MS but the speed didnt change . My idea was to create a freeRTOS task for the stepper motor on core 0, so that core 1 can run WiFi ESP-NOW, but I have a hard time managing microseconds delay. I want to implement a timing delay of 1us in my program. On 16 MHz Arduino boards (e. I am trying the run stepper motor with the tmc2208 driver and ı want to delay in microseconds like 5uS or 10 uS. timeout_us: timer timeout, in microseconds relative to the current moment . delayMicroseconds() calls it at least twice. Internally, esp_timer uses a 64-bit hardware timer. This could change in future Arduino releases. Hi ladies and gentleman, Because of the outbreak I am stuck out of my home country and have to work online. Deixe-a para quando estiver programando um Arduino. There are a thousand microseconds in a millisecond and a million microseconds in a second. I am trying the run stepper motor with the tmc2208 driver and ı want to delay in microseconds like 5uS or 10 uS. 4. Pauses the program for the amount of time (in microseconds) specified by the parameter. //delay_us (us); //. In the second method, we will set a timer for when the ESP32 can access deep sleep. This is because of interactions with the millis() and delay() functions, which share the same internal timer used to generate those PWM outputs. But make sure to do the time unit conversion and pass to it the desired time in milliseconds. Certain things do go on while the delay () function is controlling the Atmega chip, however, because the delay function does not disable interrupts. Are you using the Arduino platform for ESP32 development? If so, I think `delayMicroseconds()` is available. ESP32-DevKi…. I also used portTICK_RATE_MS but the speed didnt change . Hot Network Questions Book about an engineered human who can change his body and calculate the futureConnect the ESP32 GPIO18 pin to the ECHO pin of the sensor. Here is the part of the code which I'm using for the timer:I’m trying to follow this tutorial explaining the interaction between FreeRTOS and the ESP32 hardware timers. You should use it if you are using arduino, and also you should post in the arduino forum. Functions. On 16 MHz Arduino boards (e. The first time, the value is wrong of course, but after that, it is the microseconds outside the loop() function. Milliseconds based delay is done using systick timer which makes interrupts every 1ms generated by HAL library. Plenz September 19, 2015, 9:45am 1. com ↑前にESP32で赤外線通信を行う記事を書きましたが、実用性がありませんでした。 今回かなり苦しみましたが、ESP32同士でNEC方式での赤外線通信に成功したので備忘録もかねて記事にしておきます。 まだESP32で赤外線のライブラリがないようなので、困っている人の助けになれ. ESP32 way to synchronnize multiple esp32 with max delta time 20 µsec. Espressif ESP32 Official Forum. The ESP32 chip contains two hardware timer groups. We can use the machine. That's the whole reason of not using delay(). I first tried the standard C/C++ sleep() method, but if I. Dynamic tasks activation and deactivation. Return. There are a thousand microseconds in a millisecond, and a million microseconds in a second. Finally I created the code below that does not display a zero but the text "resetting the sensor" and then pushes the signal of the echo into LOW. Currently, the largest value that will produce an accurate delay is 16383; larger values can produce an extremely short delay. You are calling delay(2) which delays for 2 milliseconds which is longer than an ISR is allowed to block (300 microseconds by default). First of all, the timer should be initialized by calling the function timer_init () and passing a structure timer_config_t to it to define how the timer should operate. I dont get any delay even if I add some different delays. Internally, esp_timer uses a 64-bit hardware timer, where the implementation depends on the target. Device Control. h) will allow you to busy-wait for a correct number of microseconds. As demais são totalmente viáveis; isto é, se desejar utilizar delay (), você estará utilizando a vTaskDelay. ISR – is the name of the function that will be called every time the interrupt is triggered. vTaskDelayUntil is absolute in terms of the ticks set by scheduler and FreeRTOS Kernel. The macro F_CPU is supposed to be defined to a constant defining the CPU clock frequency (in Hertz). All without using the delayMicroseconds() function. Interrupts on ESP32 are soft IRQ's and are subject to latency which can run to milliseconds, especially on SPIRAM boards, On a Pyboard latency is on the order of 15μs. I am following the tutorial and using the example code from (Control the Basic ESC with the Arduino Serial Monitor) but substituted the default servo library for ESP32_Servo library. Espressif ESP32 Official Forum. Description. pyb. Regards, Ritesh Prajapati. DWT unit is for F4 and F7 only, F0. These ESP32 Hardware Timers, using Interrupt, still work even if other functions are blocking. Regards, Ritesh Prajapati. Firmware start Timer seconds: 0. The argument decides how much amount of time we want to pause the code. Click on the File menu on the top menu bar. The exact hardware timer implementation used will depend on the target, where LAC timer is used for ESP32. Replacing liblwip. Postby PeterR » Fri Jun 12, 2020 1:02 am. Trig (Trigger): This pin is used to initiate the ultrasonic pulse. Introducing the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor. I dont get any delay even if I add some different delays. I am trying the run stepper motor with the tmc2208 driver and ı want to delay in microseconds like 5uS or 10 uS. don't know the exact number off the top of my head). I also used portTICK_RATE_MS but the speed didnt change . 5 ms for neutral position. Read part 1. Suggested change -- change "microseconds" to "milliseconds" because vTaskDelay is based on FreeRTOS time tic which is in multiple milliseconds. Let me know if anyone has any idea for that. I also used portTICK_RATE_MS but the speed didnt change . ago. This number will overflow (go back to zero), after approximately 70 minutes. In this guide, we will show you how to use FreeRTOS timers and delays using ESP32 and ESP-IDF. kolban Posts: 1683 Joined: Mon Nov 16, 2015 4:43 pm Location: Texas, USA. フーリエ変換(FT:Fourier Transform) は時間変化する信号を周波数毎に信号分離する技術です。If there is still problem, you can try these: Disable Ethernet by using Ethernet CS/SS whenever accessing SPIFFS. ESP32 with A4988 and stepper motor connection diagram. As we want the delay of 1 microsecond, the timer frequency must be (1/ (1 us)), i. I edited the example code and removed all I think it is not necessary. Let me know if anyone has any idea for that. deepsleep ([time_ms]) ¶ Stops execution in an attempt to enter a low power state. Looking further, lwip's sntp and settimeofday() should already be using the microseconds portion of ntp timestamps. delayMicroseconds() works in arduino. Just like delay () has a microsecond-version called delayMicroseconds (), millis () has micros (). This provides delay in millisecond or microseconds (e. So not just an ESP32 issue. ticks_ms ¶ESP32_New_TimerInterrupt. ESP32 Timer Interrupt using ESP-IDF. Posted by rtel on November 13, 2018. Because there are more interrupt sources than interrupts, sometimes it makes sense to share an interrupt in multiple drivers. Core 1 register dump: PC : 0x400d188d PS : 0x00060230 A0 : 0x00000000 A1 : 0x3ffda0. We’ve. It will be a contactless water level measurement system. BTW It can be used for very short delays below 1 microsecond. Try it the other way around. A 9 V battery may not be adequate. On the ESP32, this is the APB_CLK clock, clocked at 80 MHz. Re: small numbers of µS delays. 00. Step-By-Step Instructions To Connect The TB6600 Module with ESP32. Here's a summary of the problem and the steps I have taken so far: Symptoms: - I have implemented the pulse output using the LEDC module on the ESP32, triggered by an input signal. Don't do delays inside an ISR; If you must do them, you can time then with micros() but not millis(). ) to perform the delay. I am trying the run stepper motor with the tmc2208 driver and ı want to delay in microseconds like 5uS or 10 uS. It does some delay + gpio, and measures the timing using ccount. We have 10 and 40 microseconds delay requirement for our application development purpose. There are a thousand microseconds in a millisecond and a million microseconds in a second. dmaxben Posts: 108 Joined: Thu Nov 16, 2017 6:04 pm. //gpio to use to trigger delay const. delay () is a blocking function. I have disabled all interrupts. This function will start the timer which will trigger every ‘period’ microseconds. Here is a code example for a 1-minute time delay in Arduino. So, Normal communication with that module using ESP32 is UART but to upgrade. This tutorial explains simple PWM techniques, as well as how to use the PWM registers directly for more control over the duty cycle and frequency. The Arduino delayMicroseconds () function is a built-in function that pauses the CPU for a short time interval (in µs). COROUTINE_DELAY_SECONDS(seconds): yields back execution for seconds. Be aware that dependent on what you. If you need to generate a 1-minute time delay with Arduino, you can still use the delay() function. Returns the number of microseconds since the Arduino board began running the current program. Code e. ticks_ms ¶ Returns an increasing millisecond counter with arbitrary reference point, that wraps after some (unspecified) value. Free book on ESP32 available here:. This will be noticed mostly on low duty-cycle settings (e. However, specific parameters should be adjusted based on the power-up timing of the module and the power-up and reset sequence timing of the chip. Free book on ESP32 available here:. I dont get any delay even if I add some different delays. This timer is handled automatically by the underlying code in the Arduino Core. The long type on ESP32 has a maximum value of 2147483647 which is as you said, "about half an hour" (not quite 36 minutes) worth of microseconds. More knowledgeable programmers usually avoid the use of delay () for timing of events longer than 10’s of milliseconds unless the Arduino sketch is very simple. TB6600 arduino stepper motor driver has a wide range power input, 9~42VDC power supply. 1. Unless an action must be executed in the order of mere microseconds, it will be handled in the. I've tried with esp-idf coding and Arduino coding. I was using a delay to slow down the publishing of data until my teacher told me about the interupt. 1. g. esp_err_t esp_timer_start_periodic (esp_timer_handle_t timer, uint64_t period) ¶ Start a periodic timer. There are a thousand microseconds in a millisecond and a million microseconds in a second. As such, I have the following code right now: static const uint16_t timer_prescaler = 80; // Clock ticks at 80 MHz / 80 = 1 MHz static const uint64_t timer_max_count = 1e7; // 1e7 max count means that the timer will reset after 1 second. I dont get any delay even if I add some different delays. Initializing Timer Interrupt in Raspberry Pi Pico. Overview. Whenever I am adding WiFi. I know how to use the delay action. Espressif ESP32 Official Forum. I also used portTICK_RATE_MS but the speed didnt change . We have 10 and 40 microseconds delay requirement for our application development purpose. Serial communication that appears. 5us. Note that this is busy-waiting, so unlike vTaskDelay it does not allow other tasks to run (it just burns CPU cycles. Bakedintheusa • 5 mo. When ı create a task using xTaskCreate() function and adding some delay in the task function. When the IDE opens, notice that it automatically opens the "Timer2_Counter. millis() returns values higher when using arduino-esp32 as component of esp-idf, then values using simply from Arduino IDE. Problem is, I cannot start them from outside before the time is over. Then there is a large collection of peripheral specific libraries (they are written as object-oriented class libraries. The serial output clearly shows the problem: The alarm in the timer is not enabled. This is the code #include <ESP32Servo. Attach interrup to a GPIO pin. 25 = 331. delay(60000); // 1 minute = 60x1000 = 60,000 milliseconds. We will solve this by using our RTC memory. Initialization. Using Arduino LEDs and Multiplexing. The next step is to define the DRV8825 to Arduino connections and the motor interface type. Regards, Ritesh Prajapati. Certain things do go on while the delay () function is controlling the Atmega chip however, because the delay function does not disable interrupts. 8inch to 157inch) with an accuracy of 0. ESP8266EX and ESP32 are. The main idea is to start a timer for a given amount of time (say 5 seconds) whenever an external button is pushed. I chose the ESP32 because of its 240MHz clock, but it still seems to be having trouble. delay() Specifies program pauses a number of milliseconds. あんまりdelayを大きくすると割り込み処理が終わら. Bakedintheusa • 5 mo. void loop () { callTask_1 (); // do something callTask_2 (); // do something else callTask_1 (); // check the. _delay_ms is (most probably) AVR implementation for delay. I checked flash frequency is 40MHz (80 seems to lead to same issues) Anyway, if I start the device at 10:00:34, it will restart at 10:01:00. millis() ¶. So the ESP32 starts booting but does not go in normal operating mode. I sadly dont have an ESP32 with me at the moment, so I cant check it myself. Top. - The pulse's frequency is set to 500Hz, but there is a delay of approximately 2. time. print()は、シリアル通信で文字列を送信します。 SerialBT. 1483×910 93. THE TICK is a new Netflix show. Posted by glenenglish on May 26, 2017. i. Top. As you can see from the logs, the time keeps deviating. When an interrupt occurs it causes the processor to stop, save its state, do a new task, then restore its state and continue. platformio. Just #include "analogWrite. Pauses the program for the amount of time (in microseconds) specified as parameter. For further help please edit your question and add a link to the motor datasheet. 1 or // 2 microseconds) gives delays longer than desired. Even a simple loop causes it to crash: ELF file SHA256: 0000000000000000 Backtrace: 0x4008860c:0x3ffbf8f0 0x40088889:0x3ffbf910 0x401300bc. Currently, the largest value that will produce an accurate delay is 16383. Neopixels have great possibilties. Serial communication that appears. When ı create a task using xTaskCreate() function and adding some delay in the task function. in the interrupt, you can yieldfromISR , taskgivefromISR etc this way you can get a deterministic hard RTOS . The Wi-Fi driver can be considered a black box that knows nothing about high-layer code, such as the TCP/IP stack, application task, and event task. Follow the next step to understand the code implementation. Delay () Delay is an arduino function wrapper that calls vtaskdelay. 2) we cannot use delay for less than 1ms and we can't use decimal place in delay function like delay(1. While millis() is an absolute time clock. The code returns the number of microseconds since the Arduino board began. I’d love some help here. Step 3: Connect the Power Pin. The application task (code) generally calls Wi-Fi driver APIs to initialize Wi-Fi and handles Wi-Fi events when. 1. the enable pin is wired to an output and set to low and 2. For a full example, refer to PlatformIO ESP-IDF ESP32 blink example. Description. We have set the period as 5000ms which means 5 seconds. Since we use the GPIOs on ESP32, you can complete the connections with fewer wires. Step 3: Complete connection. 4 days) this will start to return negative numbers. What's the reason or how can I get shorter delay when the smallest delay which I can use using assembler "nop" command gives me 0. Ideally, I would like to achieve a situation where the rising edge of the pulse is generated within 30 microseconds after receiving the trigger. A positive number or zero can be passed as an argument. Let me know if anyone has any idea for that. delay () will stop every other code from execution. To verify the delay accuracy (see main), you can call STOPWATCH_START, run stopwatch_delay(ticks), then call.